基于BP神经网络的义水河水环境质量评价研究

水质质量涉及多个影响因子,因子间大多具有非线性相关性,因此,水质评价是一个具有多因子的非线性系统。人工神经网络具有非线性映射的特点,能够有效地处理非线性相关问题,将其应用于水质评价中能够获得更为准确的信息。文章以溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、石油类等6个指标作为评价因子,通过构造BP网络模型对义水河水质进行评价,分析了义水河4个断面的水质状况,并与单因子评价法结果进行了比较分析。     

河北省陶一煤矿矿山地质环境质量评价

矿山地质环境质量评价是当前矿山地质环境领域研究的一个热点课题。在野外调查的基础上,选取资源毁损、地质灾害、环境污染三个要素,根据煤炭资源破坏与浪费、土地资源破坏与压占、水资源破坏与浪费、崩塌与滑坡、地面塌陷与地裂缝、水土流失、土壤污染、水污染等8个指标,采用要素指标加权分值综合评价方法,对河北省陶一煤矿进行了矿山地质环境质量评价。得出该矿地质环境质量较好。     

昆明市城区初中生绿色生活方式初步研究

初中生是未来环保事业的主力军,在他们中间倡导并实施健康绿色生活方式不仅有利于中学生身心健康,而且还可以通过他们影响周围的人,因而有利于资源节约型社会的构建。本研究选取了昆明市城区的8所中学作为调查对象,通过问卷调查,分析了昆明市城区初中生绿色生活意识的水平及其内部差异,并认为应该对初中生大力开展“绿色生活”环境教育活动,且不同学校、男女生应该有不同环境教育的重点和方式。     

生态居住小区评价指标体系的不确定性研究

针对目前我国生态居住小区构建评价指标体系时面临的种种不确定性问题,分析其产生的原因,确立了以弹性原则为主的评价指标体系构建原则,提出了一套建立符合我国国情的、定性与定量结合的、考虑不确定性的评价指标体系的方法.并结合实际设计项目,在温岭市生态居住小区详细规划中,按照弹性、层次性以及可操作性原则,采用AHP法,得出一个三层次的包括生态住宅、生态景观、生态技术、基础设施和社区管理、生态文化5大系统和24个指标项的生态居住区评价指标体系,并对各项指标及其权重进行量化,最后通过多因子叠加得到对整个生态居住小区的综合评价结果.     

煤矿安全预评价的集对分析模型及应用

针对安全评价系统的复杂性,以集对理论为基础,进行了同、异、反分析,确定了煤矿安全预评价指标和各评价因素的联系度,建立了集对分析评价模型.对黄陵2号矿井自然条件下的灾害预评价等级为Ⅱ级,取得了与其他评价方法一致结果.评价结果表明,集对分析方法正确,计算简单.该方法用于煤矿安全预评价不仅包含了模糊综合法的特性,而且具有信息利用率高,评价结果可靠的优点.     

江苏省江都县土壤环境质量综合评价

在GIS支持下,确定土壤污染状况、土壤养分状况、土壤理化性状和立地条件为土壤环境评价因子,利用江苏省国土生态地球化学调查前期获得的基础数据,以30m×30m栅格作为评价单元,对江苏省江都县土壤环境质量进行综合评价,并结合土壤污染与养分状况对结果进行分析,并提出对策.结果表明,江都县土壤污染状况大部分处于警戒水平下,只有少数地方处于轻污染水平;土壤养分状况整体较好.综合评价表明,江都县土壤环境质量总体较好,其一等土壤与二等土壤的面积分别占总面积的49.6%和43 6%,三等土壤和四等土壤总共不到7%.     

Comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal contamination of sediment in Lake Dianchi by using modified AHP method and 137Cs dating

Through the use of general sampling and measurement by ¹³⁷ Cs dating, problems regarding the absence of monitoring data can easily be resolved. Further, weighted values need to be determined while Environment Quality Comprehensive Index (EQCI) is commonly used as applied in environmental quality comprehensive evaluation. In order to overcome the subjectivity in determining weights, the modified Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was designed. The modified AHP method involved the following key procedures: First, the parameters y _i1 and y _i2 were calculated based on the monitoring data; second, the factors were put in order according to the symbol and value of y _i1 and y _i2; third, the continuous odd integers, which represented the importance of factors, were given to factors according to their seating order; and, fourth, the factor weights were determined from the pair-wise comparison matrix calculated by the ratio of the given odd integers. Therefore, the weights were completely based on the monitoring data. In the present study, the comprehensive quality of sediments in five sections of Lake Dianchi were evaluated and the results indicated that the current contamination of sediments in each lake section is much more serious than at any other time in history. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(8): 1531–1536 [译自: 环境科学]     

离子色谱法测定降水中阴离子含量的测量不确定度评定

使用离子色谱法,论述了测定降水中F-、CL-、NO3-、SO42-测量不确定度的方法,同时指出测量中可能导致不确定度的来源。     

A framework on interactions of climate and energy policy instruments

In this paper we analyze the concept of interactions between policy instruments addressing environmental, energy and climate change issues. Although discussion on such policies has been taking place for almost two decades, their interactions are not so sufficiently explored. Initially, we refer to literature on various types of interactions and we classify them. Furthermore, we construct a qualitative method that can assist policymakers in selecting an optimal policy mix. This method breaks down into numerous components, the areas where different policies interact, and facilitates the unveiling of potential overlaps and complementarities. These areas consist of categories as measure identification, objectives, scope, market arrangements, market flexibility, financing, technological parameters, timing, compliance parameters and institutional setup. In addition, it renders the possibility of combining different options and design elements of policies. Furthermore, a list of various criteria serves as an assessment tool for interactions, where a weighing factor and uncertainty parameters have been added, in order to produce an aggregate indicator of the ex-ante analysis of the policy mix selected. Through this method, we present a complete framework of discernment of diverse forms of environmental policy instruments.     

堆肥厂运行管理的模糊数学评价

文章采用模糊数学评价法评价堆肥厂的运行管理状况,既克服了单、少指标评价的片面性,反映了堆肥厂运行状况评价的多因素、多变量和多层次的特点,又体现了堆肥厂运行状况评价的模糊性。